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Kreis Wirsitz was one of 14 or 15 Kreise (English: ''counties'') in the northern administrative district of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen. The county existed with essentially the same boundaries beginning in 1815 as a German ''Kreise'' then from 1919 as a Polish ''Powiat'' until 1975. Its administrative center was the town of Wyrzysk (Wirsitz). The county contained additional municipalities such as Bialosliwie, Lobzenica (Lobsens), Miasteczko Krajeńskie (Friedheim), Mrocza (Mrotschen), Nakło nad Notecią (Nakel), Sadki and Wysoka (Wissek) plus over 100 villages. Many villages that had Germanic names were changed to completely different Polish names following World War II, such as Radzicz (formerly Hermannsdorf). In 1954 the central government abolished the commune (Polish: ''gmina'') as the smallest unit of government, dividing the county into 28 clusters. In 1973 municipalities were restored. After the administrative reform of 1975, the territory of the county was divided between the new (lower) region of Bydgoszcz and the region Piła. The territory of the defunct county was annexed by Naklo County, Kujawy-Pomerania Province and Pila County, Wielkopolska Province. The county was not restored in the year 1999 and Wyrzysk was incorporated into Pila County. == History == The area around the town of Wyrzysk, then part of the Duchy of Warsaw, became part of the Grand Duchy of Posen on May 15, 1815 as accorded at the Congress of Vienna. The rather titulary Grand Duchy of Posen, held by the Hohenzollern, the ruling family in the Kingdom of Prussia, was in fact an autonomous province within Prussia, but not belonging to those territories covered by the loose league called the German Confederation. Its constitutional peculiarity had been abolished on December 5, 1848 when it was converted into the Prussian Province of Posen, by way of which it was transformed into one of Prussia's regional subdivisions, but still no part of the German Confederation. On July 1, 1816 the county of Wyrzysk (German: ''Kreis Wirsitz'') was formed. After a territorial reorganisation within the Kingdom of Prussia the borders of the ''Kreis Wirsitz'' were partly redrawn so that by January 1, 1818 the municipality of Kcynia (German: ''Exin'') became a part of the neighbouring county of Schubin (Polish: ''Szubin''). The town of Wyrzysk (German: ''Wirsitz'') domiciled the county administration. Being an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Prussia the ''Kreis Wirsitz'' joined the newly founded North German Confederation in July 1867, becoming thereby for the first time part of a German commonwealth. By way of unification of German states the North German Confederation had been enlarged by southern German states and constitutionally reinforced to become a united Germany on January 18, 1871 with ''Kreis Wirsitz'' being part of it. The members of the German parliament (German: ''Reichstag'') forming the Polish National Democratic Party (Polish: ''Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne''), led by Władysław Taczanowski (1825–1893), protested on April 1, 1871 in the parliament of the newly founded united Germany against Prussia joining with all her provinces united Germany. On December 27, 1918 the Uprising of Greater Poland started and involved most of the Prussian Province of Posen, where Germans, identifying themselves as being Polish, formed the majority and fought against the Prussian rule in that province, forming the historical landscape named Greater Poland. While the Uprising, terminated by a German-Polish ceasefire agreed on February 16, 1919, led to an end of German rule in most of the territory of the Province of Posen, its northern outskirts including the ''Kreis Wirsitz'' remained calm and under German control. This may be because some 64-53% of the population (figures of 1890 and 1910) in the ''Kreis Wirsitz'' consisted of Germans, identifying themselves as being German as opposed to 36% of ethnic Germans, identifying themselves as being Polish nationals (figures from German census of 1890). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kreis Wirsitz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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